Toxicology in the Criminal Justice System Essays -- Forensic Science,

Forensic science has been a significant aspect of the criminal justice system for centuries. With the flourishing determination to develop forensic science throughout the years, advancements have led to the development of many significant sciences, including toxicology. Understanding and studying the adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems has proven to be a necessary force in the criminal justice system. By exploring new theories in toxicology, successes and failures throughout the historical progression of this science has led to incredible strides in crime investigation and a promise for a more proficient future in toxicological studies. Forensic Science Since the inception of history, forensic science has been fully perused. The development of understanding of science and how it can apply to legal matters has been a necessary force in society and the interest of the criminal justice field. Since the 1950s, the fascinating marriage of science with criminal justice has led to amazing developments in the handling of the age-old burden of crime. One of the major contributions to the successful progression of forensic science is the commencement of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 1950. The goal of this organization was to bring multi-disciplinary professionals together for the purpose of seeking the continued advancement of science for the benefit of the legal system (American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 2010). In doing so, this organization propelled a unique focus on forensic science for the future of criminal justice. Another major contribution to the advancement of forensic science was the discovery of the Kidd blood grouping system by F. H. Allen and colleagues in 1951. This blood group ... ...rol Policy (2000). Drug-related crime. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/crime/index.html. Ramsland, K. (2004). Forensic toxicology. Criminal Mind, Retrieved from http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/forensics/toxicology/4.html. Rawat, A., Gust, K., Deng, Y., Garcia-Reyero, N., & Quinn, M. (2008). Computational toxicology - a state of the science mini review. Toxicological Sciences, 103(1), Retrieved from http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/1/14.full. Rudin, N., & Inman, K. (2002). Forensic science timeline. Retrieved from http://www.forensicdna.com/Timeline020702.pdf. Saferstein, R. (2009). Criminalistics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Society of Toxicology (2008). Society of toxicology strategic plan. Retrieved from http://www.toxicology.org/ai/asot/SOTStrategicPlan.pdf.

The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory

The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) was conceived and developed during a time when Nursing lacked definition and identity within the medical community. This theory, not only, helped to move nursing from vocation to profession, it â€Å"is one of the most commonly used in practice† (Alligood, 2010, p 261). The SCDNT has â€Å"four structured cognitive operations: diagnostic, prescriptive, regulatory, and control† (Alligood, 2010, p 266). In the simplest terms this theory states that a nurse should establish the nurse-client relationship, determining what the client’s self-care requisites are (Diagnostic Operations). Then determine, based on the clients personal characteristics which self-care deficits exist (Prescriptive Operations). With the self-care deficits established, both the client’s, client’s caretaker’s, and nurse’s roles can be established. Develop the plan for self-care, designing learning into the system (Regulatory Operations). As the plan is executed, continuing evaluation is required to make any changes so the client’s self-care is at its optimum (Control Operations). The nurse is not limited to executing these operations in this order. Their sequence is interchangeable as the evaluations may dictate (Alligood, 2010). The SCDNT was developed by Dr. Dorothea Orem. Dr. Orem was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914 and lived 93 years, until her death in Savannah, Georgia on June 22, 2007 (DeLorme, 2007, para 1 &2). In 1934, â€Å"Orem arrived on the [Nursing] scene when the image of nurses still lacked major definition† (DeLorme, 2007, para 2), and this continued for decades. According to Sarah E.  Allison in an article she co-authored in Nursing Science Quarterly, â€Å"From the late 1950s to the 1970s, Orem was deeply concerned that nursing had no clear sense of direction in terms of purpose or focus – no clear concept about its domain of practice† (Clarke, 2009, para 4). Orem’s career began as an operating room nurse; a tested time she refers to as â€Å"a post-graduate course in operating room† (DeLorme, 2007, para 3). It is this time that Dr. Orem states that allowed her â€Å"’to see the whole picture’ in terms of organization and administration in the nursing field† (DeLorme, 2007, para 3).

Persuasive Essay - Martin Luther King, Jr. - 891 Words

If a man hasnt discovered something he will die for, then he hasnt got a reason to live. These were famous words of the late Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., spoken June 23, 1963 in Detroit, Michigan. Why do so many people fear death, fight for their country, defend their honor, seek love, stand up for their principles, go on living in the face of adversity, or believe in God? Each of these things involves living beyond the immediate moment, and all of them have at least one thing in common, and that is a sense of meaning. These are examples of big meaning, but in fact every conscious event has significance, no matter how small, fleeting, or trivial the event might be. Even if we can someday explain all behavior in terms of†¦show more content†¦Their potential to take on the fundamentally new form of a sunflower remains unexpressed. Without a spark, a cloud of gas is just a cloud of gas. Reason allows the raw materials to combine in interesting new ways, making refined, strengthened products. Some may say that it is possible to just live life, and to never worry of the stumble or strife involved with finding your true meaning. But that in itself is finding meaning for living; to live life at its fullest. Also, it is even quite possible to search for the deeper meaning while just living for today, because today is the best place to find that very meaning. Lets summarize by saying this, there is only one I in the universe. This universal I is one-and-same to that which you identify as you as an individual, when you introspect upon your own existence, although from the perspective of your individual, you are unaware of the universality of your own being. It is to be understood that when I say that there is only one I in the universe, I am implying that there is some significant sense in which the matter of which I am composed is identical to the matter of which you are composed. Since our own being is driven by the search for purpose, it is this, the search for the meaning within meaning, which drives all of us. If you havent got meaning in your life, then you havent a reason to live atShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesThe essays by Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"Letters From Birmingham Jail† and Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"Civil Disobedience† show how one can be a civil person and protest against unfair, unjust laws forced upon them. Both authors are very persuasive in their letter writings. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. write about the injustice of government laws, of right and wrong, and one’s moral and upstanding conscience of a human being. 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